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Environment & Ecology JULY Week-1

Nipah virus The Nipah virus infection is a newly emerging  zoonosis , that is, a disease transmitted from animals to humans  as stated by the WHO . The virus belongs to a new genus termed Henipavirus (subfamily Paramyxovirinae). It was first reported in 1998 at  Kampung Sungai Nipah  village, Malaysia. So virus is named after this village. The natural host of the virus are  fruit bats (Pteropus giganteus)  belonging to the family Pteropodidae.  In 2004, humans were affected after eating the date palm contaminated by infected fruit bats. Pigs can also act as intermediate hosts. Natural host  are those animals in which pathogens reside naturally and not infecting them. Here they grows upto a certain stage of their life cycle. Intermediate hosts  are those in which pathogens reside and not causing harm to them and here they are in inactive state i.e not growing further. Primary host  are those in which pathogens...
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Animal physiology. Adaptation and Environment

GET Animal physiology. Adaptation and Environment Author(s): Knut Schmidt-Nielsen Description: This book is about animals and their problems. It is not only about how animals function, but about the problems of living and how animals solve them. It is also about aspects of physiology that I find particularly fascinating or interesting. The book is written for the student who wants to know what animals do and how they do it. The text deals with the familiar subjects of physiology: respiration, circulation, digestion, and soon. These subjects are treated in thirteen chapters, arranged according to major environmental features: oxygen, food and energy, temperature, and water. I consider this arrangement important, for there is no way to be a good physiologist, or a good biologist for that matter, without understanding how living organisms function in their environment. The book is elementary and the needed background is minimal. The first edition of Animal Physiology has been wi...
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Question for 14 August zoology

Q:-1 Describe the composition of blood. Enlist various factors required for clotting with their respective functions. (20) Q:-2 Discuss the mechanism of thermoregulation. (15) Q:-3 Describe the pathology of malaria. Discuss its control. (15) Q:-4 Describe the clinical symptoms and various types of tuberculosis. Discuss its life cycle and preventive measures. (20)
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Questions for 25 July zoology

Q:-1 What is dosage compensation? Explain lyonnhypothesis. Discuss its significance. (20) Q:-2 Discuss the sex determination process in Drosophila. How it is different from humans. (15) Q:-3 Describe the molecular mechanism of sex determination in human. Comment on evolution of Y chromosome in mammals. (20) Q:-4 What are anadromous fishes? How their migration process different from catadromous fishes. Describe the significance of migration. (20) Q:-5 Discuss the process of osmoregulation in pieces. Describe their respiration in brief. (15)
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Retrogressive Metamorphosis

Retrogressive Metamorphosis in Urochordates Metamorphosis is a change from the juvenile to adult stage in which larval stage is quite different from the adult stage. In retrogressive metamorphosis the larva possesses advanced characters which are lost during the development and the adult is either sedentary or degenerated with primitive characters. Urochordate adults, being sedentary show degenerative characters while the free swimming tadpole larva shows advanced chordate characters which are lost during metamorphosis. Parasitic crustaceans, like Sacculina and copepod parasites and stylopids and scale insects (Insecta) also show retrogressive metamorphosis. Retrogressive Metamorphosis in Herdmania The tadpole larva of Herdmania is only 1-2 mm long when it hatches out of the egg. It does not feed and hence has only 3 hours of survival during which it has to swim about in search of a suitable substratum for attachment. The larva needs advanced features for its free swimming existence,...
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